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This is chapter 21 of the book, Water Bankruptcy in the Land of Plenty (edited by Poupeau et al. 2016) in which the research consortia discuss the body of work, some aspects of the process and the values of such a collective project in international environmental studies
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Trees have been around for more than 370 million years, and today there are about 80 thousand species of them, occupying 3.5 billion hectares worldwide, including 250 million ha of commercial plantations. While forests can provide tremendous environmental, social, and economic benefits to nations, they also affect the hydrologic cycle in different ways. As the demand for water grows and local precipitation patterns change due to global warming, plantation forestry has encountered an increasing number of water-related conflicts worldwide. This document provides a country-by-country summary of the current state of knowledge on the relationship between forest management and water resources. Based on available research publications, the Editor-in-Chief of this document contacted local scientists from countries where the impact of forest management on water resources is an issue, inviting them to submit a chapter.
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This book catalogue contains about 2500 English Academic Books informationin on hydrology and water science in the world nearly 50 years, including hydrology, water environment, water resources management,water economics,water law and so on. The vast majority of academic books introduced in this book are formal publication. In addition, a large amount of information on the hydrology and water science is collected, and some series of hydrology & water science are emphasized.
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Water is both a natural resource and a public good that plays a critical role in a host of environmental processes and economic, social, and political activities. In recent years, watershed management practices that were once praised for their broad benefits to society have become the focus of harsh criticisms for their adverse and unexpected environmental or socioeconomic impacts. Thus, gaining an understanding of how various human activities affect watershed processes, and in turn how the variable nature of the hydrologic cycle affects humans’ well-being, is essential for policy makers and watershed managers. Watershed models provide efficient tools for integrated studies of the major physical, socioeconomic, and political aspects of watersheds. For decades, water resources professionals have been developing and using models to address watershed problems, yet watershed models are still evolving in terms of approach, application, and ability to provide users with a comprehensive and reliable understanding of problems at a reasonable cost and within a specified timeframe. Early watershed modeling efforts were aimed mostly at representing hydrologic processes, but the need for interdisciplinary studies has led to increasing complexity and integration of environmental, social, and economic functions to facilitate a holistic understanding of watersheds and associated human activities. This chapter provides a chronological synthesis of watershed modeling approaches and applications. The rationale behind various watershed models is analyzed to demonstrate the interrelationship between decision making objectives, modeling approach, and applications. Finally, potential future directions for watershed modeling are highlighted
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